Microbiology

Genital herpes. The herpes simplex virus is responsible for cases of genital herpes. The virus is a DNA icosahedral virion, the same virus that causes cold sores of the mouth. However, the strain of virus is usually type II in genital herpes (type I in cold sores). Painful urination accompanies the disease, and fluid‐filled vesicles occur on the genital organs. Recurrences occur many times, but their frequency and severity can be limited by treatment with acyclovir. Transmission to the newborn can occur during birth. The virus is also capable of crossing the placenta and affecting the fetus before birth.

Genital warts. Genital warts is considered a viral disease. Most cases are due to papillomaviruses, which have DNA. Warts may be smooth and flat or large with fingerlike projections. Often the condition is called condyloma acuminatum. Cases of cervical cancer have been related to genital warts in women. Treatments often consist of excision of the wart.